The United States and China have both recently launched new missions of their respective unmanned space planes - the X-37B and Shenlong. These highly classified missions demonstrate significant advancements in space plane technology and come amid increased militarization of space by both nations.

The X-37B, operated by the US Space Force, began its seventh mission in December 2023. While details are classified, it is believed to be testing new orbital regimes and space domain awareness technologies. The X-37B is roughly 30 feet long with a 15 foot wingspan, about one-fourth the size of the retired Space Shuttle. It can maneuver in space, deploy satellites, and land autonomously.

China's Shenlong space plane started its third mission in December 2023, just 7 months after its previous flight. Though shrouded in secrecy, the Shenlong has demonstrated the ability to deploy and recapture subsatellites in orbit. This proximity operation capability could potentially be used to interfere with enemy satellites.

Both space planes are viewed as potential anti-satellite weapons platforms that could neutralize or capture enemy satellites without creating dangerous orbital debris. They may also be capable of eavesdropping on or disrupting satellite communications. As space becomes increasingly militarized, these versatile and reusable spacecraft are likely to play a growing role in orbital operations and potential conflicts.

The rapid development of China's space plane program in particular demonstrates the country's growing capabilities in this domain. While both nations claim peaceful purposes, the military applications of these technologies are clear. Their evolving capabilities highlight the increasing strategic importance of space assets and the potential for orbital warfare in future conflicts.